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John Raymond Knister (27 May 1899 – 29 Aug 1932) was a Canadian poet, novelist, story writer, columnist, and reviewer, "known primarily for his realistic narratives set in rural Canada ... Knister was a highly respected member of the Canadian literary community during the 1920s and early 1930s, and recent criticism has acknowledged him as a pioneer in establishing a distinctively modern voice in Canadian literature."〔"(Raymond Knister 1899–1932 )," Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, eNotes.com, Web, Apr. 1, 2011.〕 ==Life== Born at Ruscom (now part of Lakeshore), Ontario, near Windsor, Knister attended Victoria College at the University of Toronto,〔Peter Stevens, "(Knister, Raymond )," ''Canadian Encyclopedia'', (Edmonton: Hurtig, 1988), 1144〕 but had to drop out after catching pneumonia.〔 At the age of eighteen he began to take a serious interest in literature, writing his first poems and short stories.〔Dorothy Livesay, "Memoir," The Collected Poems of Raymond Knister (Toronto: Ryerson, 1949), xvi–xvii〕 While in Toronto he contributed articles on Cervantes and Robert Louis Stevenson to ''Acta Victoriana'', the college literary magazine.〔4Bonita O'Halloran, "Chronological History of Raymond Knister," Journal of Canadian Fiction, No. 14 (1975), 194.〕 He worked on his father's farm until 1923.〔 In 1919 Knister began writing and publishing stories and poems about Canadian farm life. He worked in 1922 and 1923 as a book reviewer for the Windsor ''Border Cities Star'' and the Detroit ''Free Press''. He moved to Iowa in 1923〔 to become associate editor of literary magazine ''The Midland'' ("the most important magazine America had produced," according to H.L. Mencken)〔 in Iowa City for a year.〔 During the same time he took courses in creative writing at Iowa State University.〔 By 1924 Knister was a taxi driver in Chicago, as well as a reviewer for ''Poetry'' magazine and the Chicago ''Evening Post.'' "In 1926 he moved to Toronto, where he freelanced; his work appeared in the ''Toronto Star Weekly'' and ''Saturday Night''."〔Joy Kuropatwa, "(Raymond Knister biography )," ''Encyclopedia of Literature'', 8119, JRrank.org, Web, Apr. 1, 2011〕 In Toronto he became acquainted with writers Morley Callaghan, Mazo de la Roche, Merrill Denison, and Charles G.D. Roberts.〔 Knister had work published in the Paris literary magazine ''This Quarter'' in 1925.〔 In 1926, Knister put together a collection of nature poetry, ''Windfalls for Cider.'' Toronto's Ryerson Press accepted the book for publication, but later had to cancel because of the company's finances.〔W.H. New, "(Knister, John Raymond )," ''Encyclopedia of Literature in Canada'' (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002, 586. Google Books, Web, Apr. 1, 2011〕 Knister married Myrtle Gamble in 1927. They had one daughter, Imogen, born in 1930.〔 In 1928, Knister edited the anthology ''Canadian Short Stories''.〔"(Notes on Life and Work )," Selected Poetry of Raymond Knister (1899–1932), Representative Poetry Online, Web, Apr. 1, 2011〕 The ''Encyclopedia of Literature in Canada'' (2002) calls the book a "trend-setting anthology."〔 Knister published his first novel, ''White Narcissus'', in 1929.〔 The book is still in print as part of McClelland & Stewart's New Canadian Library series of classic Canadian literature.〔"Author Spotlight: (Raymond Knister )," McClelland & Stewart, McClelland.com, Web, Apr. 1, 2011〕 Knister was fascinated with John Keats, the 19th century English Romantic poet who had died young. He accumulated "letters and stacks of books about Keats," according to his daughter, and enrolled his wife as a research assistant to help him go through it all. "Apparently, she was to use her reading time on this only, and he frowned upon her spending time reading women's magazines." The Knisters spent eight months researching Keats's life: the result was a 200,000-word, 700 page non-fiction novel, ''My Star Predominant''.〔Carol Steedman, "(Author's life marked by glory, tragedy )," ''Brantford Expositor'', Article ID# 1243485. Web, Apr. 1, 2011.〕 In 1931, Knister moved to Montreal, Quebec. There he became acquainted with the poets of the Montreal Group〔 – with poet Leo Kennedy he began planning an anthology, similar to his ''Canadian Short Stories'',〔(Leo Kennedy )〕 of Canadian modernist poetry (an idea that eventually resulted in the landmark ''New Provinces'' in 1936).〔 He also got to know poet Dorothy Livesay and novelist Frederick Philip Grove.〔 Grove read ''My Star Predominant'', and encouraged Knister to enter the manuscript in the Graphic Publishers' Canadian Novel contest.〔 (Knister's daughter later said that her mother had encouraged him to enter the novel.) Knister cut the book to 120,000 words, mailed it off, and forgot about it.〔 ''My Star Predominant'' won the $2,500.00 first prize in the 1931 cross-Canada contest.〔 However, "owing to the failure of the firm of publishers which offered the prize," the novel was not published.〔"Knister, Raymond," ''Encyclopedia of Canada'' (Toronto: University Associates, 1948), III, 346.〕 In 1932, Ryerson Press, which had picked up the rights to ''My Star Predominant'', offered Knister a job as an editor. Before he was to begin working there, Knister drowned in a swimming accident on Lake St. Clair〔 while on a picnic with his family.〔 (In a memoir published in the 1949 ''Collected Poems of Raymond Knister'', Livesay maintained that Knister had committed suicide. His wife and daughter strongly disputed that allegation.)〔 ''My Star Predominant'' was published in 1934 in Canada by Ryerson and also in England. Knister's daughter, Imogen Givens, wrote a 5,000-word memoir of him, "Raymond Knister: Man or Myth?". The memoir, which made extensive use of her mother's diary, was published in the journal ''Essays on Canadian Writing'' (No. 16, Fall-Winter 1979–80).〔 In 2007, Alberta poet Micheline Mayler published ''Full Depth: The Raymond Knister Poems,'' an account of Knister's life and death written as a series of poems.〔"Full Depth: The Raymond Knister Poems,'" Wolzak and Wynn, Web, Apr. 3, 2011〕 Knister is buried in Port Dover, Ontario. His poem "Change" is inscribed on his tombstone.〔 Dorothy Livesay has claimed that "Knister seemed to epitomize the struggle of a generation" ("Memoir" xxxvii). The struggle of his generation of writers was to bring Canadian poetry into the Twentieth Century. Like E.J. Pratt, W.W.E. Ross, Arthur Stringer (whose ''Open Water''〔Arthur Stringer, Open Water (Toronto: Bell and Cockburn, 1914).〕 was the first book of modernist free verse by a Canadian), and others, Knister was a "Transitional modern"〔Sandra Djwa, "The 1920's: E.J. Pratt: Transitional Modern," The E.J. Pratt Symposium (Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1977), 55–68.〕 whose poetry, fiction, and criticism showed the effects of the many forces which were changing Canadian poetry and Canadian society. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Raymond Knister」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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